Pain and behaviour are closely related in dogs. Just like humans, dogs often express physical discomfort or pain through changes in their behaviour. Since dogs can’t verbally communicate their pain, their behavioural changes are key indicators for owners and vets. Here's how pain and behaviour are connected:
Dogs in pain may growl, snap, or show aggression when touched or approached, especially if the painful area is disturbed. A normally friendly dog might become defensive if they anticipate pain.
A dog in pain may become less active, showing signs like reluctance to move, play, or exercise. They may appear to be more tired or withdrawn, avoiding interactions with people or other animals. They may also hide or seek out quiet areas to rest.
A common sign of physical pain is a limp or favouring of one leg, which may indicate joint or muscle pain. Dogs may also avoid using the affected part of their body, like holding a paw off the ground.
Dogs in pain might whine, yelp, growl, or howl, especially when moving or when the painful area is touched. Some dogs, however, may suffer silently and not vocalize, so it’s important to observe other behavioural changes.
Pain can affect a dog’s appetite. A dog in pain might refuse food, eat less, or eat more slowly than usual. If the pain affects the mouth or teeth, the dog may avoid eating hard food altogether.
Dogs often lick, bite, or chew at an area of the body that is painful, like a joint, a wound, or sore muscles. This can lead to excessive grooming, hair loss, or even skin damage over time.
A dog in pain may seem restless and have difficulty getting comfortable. They might pace, circle, or frequently change positions when trying to lie down. Some dogs may be unable to rest or sleep properly.
Dogs may exhibit subtle body language changes that suggest pain, such as:
Tucked tail or hunched posture.
Ears pinned back or wide eyes.
Tension in their body, with stiff movements.
Shaking or trembling.
Pain in the joints, spine, or muscles can make movements like jumping, climbing stairs, or even standing up painful. A dog in pain may be hesitant to perform these actions or avoid them altogether.
Dogs may pant excessively, even when not hot or active, as a way to cope with pain. Pain can also cause increased heart rate and shallow or rapid breathing. Drooling more than usual could also be linked to pain, particularly if the pain is related to the mouth or stomach.
A dog in pain, especially one with joint or back pain, may struggle with getting up to go outside and may have accidents indoors. They may also show reluctance to squat or lift a leg to urinate or defecate due to pain.
Pain can make dogs feel anxious, restless, or uncomfortable. This might lead to pacing, inability to settle, or constant seeking of attention and reassurance.
Dogs in chronic pain, such as from arthritis, may become lethargic or show signs of depression, such as lack of interest in activities they previously enjoyed. They may sleep more and seem generally disinterested in their surroundings.
Pain in the abdomen, back, or neck may cause dogs to adopt an abnormal posture. They might arch their back, hold their neck stiffly, or seem reluctant to bend or stretch.
A dog in pain might avoid other animals or people, especially if they are usually social. They might snap or growl at others if approached or touched in a way that worsens the pain.
Pain in the mouth or neck can make it difficult for dogs to eat or drink. If your dog suddenly stops grooming or looks less clean, it might be a sign that grooming has become painful for them.
Dogs experiencing pain may vocalize in their sleep, whimpering or growling as they try to rest but are disrupted by discomfort.
Dogs are naturally stoic animals and often try to hide pain to avoid showing weakness, so behaviour changes can be subtle. Early recognition of pain-related behaviour can help ensure timely veterinary intervention. Pain that goes untreated can lead to long-term behavioural changes, like increased aggression, anxiety, or fearfulness.
If you’re noticing any of these signs in your dog, especially alongside changes in mobility or responsiveness, it’s a good idea to get a vet check to try and determine the cause and explore treatment options. Always remember if there is a sudden change in your dogs behaviour-vet check!
